Graphical user interface for the DSP : using Texas Instruments TMS320C31 and LabVIEW

Digital Signal Processors (DSP\u27s) have become very popular due to their ease of operation, economic value, adaptability and availability. However, the development environments for the DSP are still the archaic Assembly and C language programming. It is tedious, error prone and time consuming to develop and use DSP applications using these compared to Graphical User Interface development tools if available. In the modern age programming is very heavily done in object oriented graphical languages like the Visual C++ and Visual Basic. Windows also gives a good graphical user interface. LAB VIEW with its readily available ensemble of good analysis, programming and development libraries and engineering tools was a good candidate. G programming also gives ease of operation and relative economy in programming time, along with good capabilities for hardware interfacing. We have used Code Interface Node programmed in C language act as a bridge between the Lab VIEW and DSP and then carrying out the analysis in the LabVIEW and using the DSP for collecting of data. The complete DSP control and monitoring is carried out by the LabVJEW along with acquisition of data collected by the DSP. The real world interface and analog to digital conversion is carried out by the DSP and LabVIEW is used to analyze and present the data in a more user friendly and graphical manner. The Use of LabVIEW has significantly reduced the time required to carry out a simple test, by eliminating the need to use different platforms to develop and execute the DSP program, and then collect data, and finally to analyze the data

Dental Caries, Etiology, and Remedy through Natural Resources

Caries and oral mucosal and periodontal diseases are the major cause of oral health problems. They are prevalent in all ages and demographic and socioeconomic groups. Irrespective of geographic location in the world, both males and females are affected from the condition. Dental caries’ etiology has four main factors: bacteria, time, susceptible tooth surface, and fermentable carbohydrates. Due to the high prevalence of oral disease and increased microbial resistance against antibiotics, there is a need for alternative methods. Therefore, the search for viable alternative products is of paramount importance. Phytochemicals isolated from plants, which are used in traditional medicines, are considered to be safe and effective alternatives compared to synthetic chemicals. This situation diverted efforts toward finding natural products as the potential medicine for treating dental caries. The chapter will focus on the etiology of dental caries and different remedies using the natural resources for prevention and treatment of the disease. A wide variety of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants having in vitro antimicrobial activities provide a hope for novel drug compounds

Alkinyldextrane als Zwischenprodukte für neue funktionelle Biopolymere

Due to wide use in medical applications and biocompatibility, dextran is an interesting polysaccharide. In this thesis, O-alkynyl ethers of dextran were studied due to the special properties and reactivity of terminal alkynes. Pentynyl dextrans (PyD) were prepared using 5-chloro-1-pentyne and Li-dimsyl in DMSO and characterized by elemental analysis, ATR-IR, NMR spectroscopy, GLC and ESI-MS. Monomer analysis of PyD after methanolysis and trimethylsilylation showed substitution following the order O-2 > O-4 ≥ O-3. PyD (DS 0.43) complexation with Ag forms a product containing 24% Ag which after reduction with formic acid displayed Ag nanoparticles of diameter 4-10 nm. For further functionalyzation, different azides i.e. 2-azidoethylamine, 3-azido-1-propanol, 6-azido-N-Boc-hexylamine, 4-azidobutyric acid, 3-azido-1-propanethiol, N-biotinyl-2-aminoethylazide and α-tocopheryl azide were reacted in a copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with PyD. In all reactions ca. 60-100% of pentynyl groups were converted. Click product with a biotinyl derivative was shown to bind streptavidin, labeled with a fluorophor in solution as well as after spin-coating. In further studies PyD was tested for its ability to immobilize lipase (from R. arrhizus) and was compared with commercial adsorbents. In this comparative investigation, PyD-lipase turned out to be superior to all ion-exchange resin-based biocatalysts with regard to esterifcation activity, storage stability and reuseabilty.Dextran ist aufgrund seiner Verwendung im medizinischen Bereich und seiner Biokompatibilität ein interessantes Polysaccharid. Durch Derivatisierung von Dextran können sein Eigenschaftsspektrum und seine Anwendungs¬möglichkeiten erweitert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich aufgrund der speziellen Eigenschaften und Reaktionen von terminalen Alkinen mit Alkinylethern von Dextran. Pentinyldextrane (PyD) wurden mit 5-Chlor-1-pentin und Li-Dimsyl in DMSO hergestellt. Die Produkte wurden mittels Elementaranalyse, ATR-IR- und NMR-Spektroskopie sowie GC- und ESI-MS nach Depolymerisation charakterisiert. Die Reaktivität nahm in der Reihe O-2 > O-4 ≥ O-3 ab. Das Komplexierungsverhalten von PyD (DS 0.43) wurde untersucht. Die Dialyse gegen AgNO3-Lösung ergab ein Silberacetylid mit 24% Silberanteil, das bei Reduktion Ag-Nanopartikel lieferte. Im nächsten Schritt, wurden die terminalen Alkinylgruppen des PyD weiter funktio¬na¬lisiert. Verschiedene Azide - 2 Azidoethylamin, 3 Azido 1 propanol, 6 Azido N Boc hexylamin, 4 Azidobutansäure, 3 Azido- 1 propanthiol, N-Biotinyl-2-aminoethylazide und α Tocopherylazide wurden in eine 1,3 dipolaren Kupfer-katalysierten Cycloaddition mit PyD umgesetzt. Durch diese „Click-Reaktion“ wurden 1,2,3-Triazole zwischen den terminalen Alkinen des PyD und den Aziden mit einer Umsetzung von ca. 60 100 % der Pentinylgruppen gebildet. Mit dem Biotinyl-dextranderivat konnte die spezifische Kopplung an Fluorophor-markiertes Streptavidin sowohl in Lösung als auch nach Spin-Coating nachgewiesen werden. In weiteren Studien wurde PyD auf seine Fähigkeit, Lipase (von R. Arrhizus) zu immobilisieren getestet und mit einigen kommerziellen Adsorbentien verglichen. PyD-Lipase zeigte sich in einer vergleichenden Studie hinsichtlich Aktivität, Lagerstabilität und Wiederverwendbarkeit den Ionenaustauscher-Harz-basierten Biokatalysatoren als überlegen

Feature Selection on Sentinel-2 Multi-spectral Imagery for Efficient Tree Cover Estimation

This paper proposes a multi-spectral random forest classifier with suitable feature selection and masking for tree cover estimation in urban areas. The key feature of the proposed classifier is filtering out the built-up region using spectral indices followed by random forest classification on the remaining mask with carefully selected features. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, we evaluate the performance of the proposed technique on a specified area (approximately 82 acres) of Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) and demonstrate that our method outperforms a conventional random forest classifier as well as state-of-the-art methods such as European Space Agency (ESA) WorldCover 10m 2020 product as well as a DeepLabv3 deep learning architecture.Comment: IEEE IGARSS 202

China, Pakistan, and Afghanistan: Partnership for Regional Peace

This paper examines the prospects of strategic partnership for regional peace between China, Pakistan and Afghanistan through their mutual geopolitical interests. Chinese involvement with Afghanistan serves as a key factor in the successful implementation of its economic outreach through Central and South Asian segments of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as it helps to rebalance China’s economic and political aspirations. The paper also highlights the implications of China’s relations with Pakistan and Afghanistan to counter Indian influence in the region. The trilateral relationship between these countries is of paramount importance for regional peace and security. Afghanistan is the most unstable country in the region; however Chinese constructive engagement with Afghanistan through diplomatic, political, economic and security measures can usher into a new era of peace, progress and development for the entire region

catena-Poly[bis­(μ3-2-methyl­benzoato)disilver(I)]

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Ag2(C8H7O2)2]n, features polymeric chains extending along the a axis, with the two Ag+ cations in a distorted trigonal coordination. The range of Ag—O bond lengths is 2.169 (2)–2.433 (2) Å, whereas the Ag⋯Ag separations are in the range 2.8674 (4)–3.6256 (5) Å. The 2-methyl­benzoate groups are oriented at a dihedral angle of 60.7 (1)° with respect to each other

Tricyclo­hexyl[2-(2,3-dimethyl­anilino)benzoato-κO]tin(IV)

In the title compound, [Sn(C6H11)3(C15H14NO2)], the SnIV atom adopts a distorted tetra­hedral SnOC3 arrangement. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the mefanamic acid mol­ecule is 82.16 (17)° and intra­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to establish the conformation. Two of the cyclo­hexyl rings are disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancies